Nobody ever said the auto industry’s transition to electrified and connected vehicles would be easy, and General Motors is feeling that sting right now—or is it smart by taking a more cautious approach to production? We’ll be talking about that today, as well as Mini’s Britishness, Nissan’s costs and Cummins’ plans for the future. Let’s make it happen.
GM’s Big EV Rollout Is Going Slower Than Expected
At the beginning of this year, it seemed like there were a ton of legacy automakers locked and loaded to take shots at Tesla’s share of the EV market. Now, as we approach the end of Q1, we realize that if that’s going to happen, it won’t overnight. Case in point: GM, which has an extremely promising forthcoming EV lineup, but is stalling at actually getting those cars on the road, the Wall Street Journal reports.
We’ve covered this issue before, with Cadillac Lyriq production specifically. But a few months later, the problem isn’t getting much better. Here’s what the WSJ had to say:
More than 15 months after GM began building the electric GMC Hummer pickup truck, the company has been making roughly a dozen a day, a figure far below initial targets for this point in the rollout, people familiar with the matter said. The Hummer has a wait list of more than 80,000 people. Some Hummers have been stuck at dealerships under a sales freeze since October, as GM investigated a potential problem with water seeping into the battery pack.
GM’s other high-profile new EV, the Cadillac Lyriq SUV, which it started selling almost a year ago, is also experiencing an unusually slow ramp-up. Through February, GM had sold roughly 1,000 Lyriqs since it began building them in March 2022. Comparatively, Tesla Inc. sold an estimated 252,000 Model Ys in the U.S. last year, according to research firm Motor Intelligence. The Lyriq is a direct competitor to the Tesla Model Y.
GM aims to produce 36,000 Lyriqs in the U.S. this year, 9% lower than its original target, partly because of a tighter-than-expected supply of battery cells, people familiar with the matter said.
Did you know the Lyriq started production in March of last year? I don’t think I’ve seen any of them on the road, come to think of it.
What’s happening here, exactly? Battery supply chain challenges, for one; it’s going to be a minute before all these Inflation Reduction Act-driven U.S. battery factories will be online. That, and quality control issues, plus the ever-difficult challenge of making software that doesn’t suck. But GM’s customers, many of whom are quite excited about these cars, are getting frustrated:
Brooklyn resident Jonathan Mason said he ordered a black Lyriq in September 2021, and emails from GM indicated that he would receive the SUV by the end of 2022. That time frame slipped, and his dealer told him last week that there is no set delivery date for Mr. Mason’s Lyriq.
“This has been a harrowing process,” said Mr. Mason, a 36-year-old who works in healthcare information-technology at a New York health system, and is the son of GM retirees.
(Also, good luck charging that thing in New York City, amigo. If you need tips on how to run a 100-foot extension cord out your window to slow-charge this thing when you manage to score street parking in front of your place, holler at me.)
Some of this is surprising news. I understand why a slower rollout makes sense for the Hummer EV or the Cadillac Celestiq, as those are higher-end niche vehicles that were always going to be relatively limited in production. But the Lyriq? That’s meant to be Cadillac’s EV volume-seller crossover, priced to compete in that $60,000-$80,000 luxury range. GM needs to get those out and soon. For what it’s worth, people whose opinions I trust say the Lyriq is extremely good. But that doesn’t matter if GM can’t put them in customers’ hands.
So that’s disappointing. On the other hand, I think GM’s eager to avoid the quality mishaps that are plaguing Ford right now, especially on the EV front. And it’s had plenty of its own headaches there with the various Chevy Bolt fires; I doubt it’s eager to see such problems spread across the board.
[Ed note: I’d just like to point out the shocking number of issues automakers have had with their initial EV offerings. VW’s ID.4s have been plagued with software issues, Toyota’s BZ4X has had some odd wheel-falling-off issues, ditto with Rivian, Chevy’s had the Bolt fire problems, Hyundai and Kia have had to issue a recall over potential rollaway issues associated with the electronic shifter, Ford’s F-150 Lightning production has stopped over battery concerns, and on and on. And while you might have expected issues on any new car, these early EVs are things automakers need to get right; it’s a critical moment for them to build trust in this new era. And right now, everyone’s screwing up. Random thought: Right now, cars that were designed by teams working remotely are hitting the market. I wonder if we’ll notice any difference in quality as a result of the change in the way cars are developed? -DT].
Nissan Works On Cost-Killing, Again
Winning the EV game means more than just quality control and software that doesn’t suck. It’s also about cost control. Like any new technology, EVs are expensive to make right now. That will hopefully change as battery supplies increase and costs go down, but for many automakers making this transition, it’s more about scale and R&D than actual money. For now.
Nissan is the latest big automaker to revise some of its strategy to focus on cost control for EVs, specifically cost parity with internal combustion engines and vehicles—and in this case that includes hybrid cars too.
I actually like this plan from Nissan a lot, if the company can pull it off: bring hybrid car prices in line with those of gasoline-powered cars by 2026. Here’s one of its execs talking to Reuters:
The Japanese automaker said it will use the same components across models to make electric powertrains – the assembly which propels a vehicle – smaller and lighter, and reduce development and production costs by 30% within three years versus 2019.
It will also use solid-state batteries with materials that are cheaper than those usually used, such as nickel and cobalt, Senior Vice President Toshihiro Hirai told reporters.
“Materials that don’t use such expensive precious metals are being developed, which will be a major factor in reducing costs,” Hirai said.
Good luck to Nissan here. But a few caveats: from everything I’ve heard, solid-state batteries are about a decade away from being anything worth a damn at all, let alone for mass production at scale. So that’s quite a thing to bank on, but given Nissan’s resources, maybe it can figure that technology out.
Also, Nissan: if you need to ruthlessly cut costs, I know a guy. But he may need a few things cleared up in his personal life before you send him to work.
Mini Stays British, For Now
Real talk: Brexit has not been great for what’s left of the British auto industry. Rather than deal with trade tariff uncertainty and rising costs for parts, the big international automakers and suppliers have largely just peaced out and taken production elsewhere. Ford cut a bunch of jobs in the UK last month and Nissan’s COO is also telling His Majesty’s Government to get off their asses and do something.
Electrification is making the situation worse; the UK doesn’t really have a local battery industry, certainly not at a scale that would serve the auto industry. And if you have to import everything it’s just not worth it. In fact, here’s a fascinating tidbit from that Quartz News blog I linked to above:
The Economist pointed out that the crankshaft in a Mini made by BMW has to cross the English Channel three times for various stages of its manufacture before it can be installed in a car in the UK. Manufacturing processes like this are becoming much more onerous post-Brexit.
Not great. But for now, at least, Mini’s Oxford plant will get a nice lifeline from parent company BMW, reports Automotive News:
The last time we saw British industry in such decline we at least got some great music out of it, but I don’t see that happening this time around.
Anyway, it’s great news for that Mini plant; BMW had already sent Mini EV production to China as part of its deal with the automaker Great Wall and the next-generation Countryman will be made exclusively in Germany.
So what does the future hold for this brand? It hasn’t been a great couple of years for smaller cars (in the U.S., anyway; Minis are still ubiquitous in other parts of the world) and the days of BMW using an efficient small-car brand to offset fuel economy and emissions from its SUVs and sport sedans are basically coming to an end. Modern BMW makes tons of smaller cars, EVs and hybrids now. It may just not need Mini anymore.
I could see BMW offloading Mini entirely to Great Wall or some other automaker, probably a Chinese one, and being done with it entirely. But as a two-time Mini owner who would love to go for round three, I’d be extremely sad to see that happen, as it’s hard to see a future in the U.S. if things go that way. Hopefully I’m wrong. It’s happened once or twice before.
Cummins—Yes, Cummins—Gets Into Electric And Alt-Fuel Power
Speaking of The Future®: What do you do in the zero-emissions era when your company is basically synonymous with big, powerful diesel engines for trucks and industrial applications? [Ed Note: And also emissions solutions/exhaust aftertreatment. Cummins is elite in that area. -DT]. In the case of Cummins, you evolve or die. The company announced a big $1.5 billion investment into clean-energy technologies and a rebranding of the division to do it. One more from Reuters:
The U.S.-based engine maker announced on Wednesday it would change to name of its New Power division to Accelera and continue to offer battery electric and alternative fuel products such as engines, generators and power systems to meet its net-zero carbon emissions goal by 2050.
“We are actively evaluating the portfolio of what businesses we have. It is important to recognize that the core of our destination zero strategy is about zero emissions solutions and advanced solutions,” Chief Executive Jennifer Rumsey said in an interview.
The Columbus, Indiana-based company, known for its diesel and natural gas engines, has accelerated its push towards clean energy solutions to sell to its industrial and commercial transporation customers as the trucking industry is expected to face tougher greenhouse emissions regulations this year.
Accelera! Good for Cummins. There’s so much powertrain expertise in that company, it’s good to see it change with the times. They don’t want to become irrelevant and they’re doing well enough financially right now to start making these moves.
Your Turn
What’s the right course of action for automakers looking to make a big EV push? Get ’em out, or get ’em right? It’s a little maddening that GM can’t get the Lyriq into customer hands more than a year after production started, but I suppose that’s better than eating a ton of recall costs if quality isn’t where it should be yet. Are you concerned about these “early” EVs?
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Cadillac’s naming cars that end with a Q, such as Celestiq and Lyriq, is cutesy, lame and can only hurt sales, at least among people who can read. With the margin on those things, the least they could do is hire a few competent consultants to come up with better monikers. This is just another GM misstep, in a decades-long series of missteps.
Brexit: what a great idea eh Britain?
“Random thought: Right now, cars that were designed by teams working remotely are hitting the market. I wonder if we’ll notice any difference in quality as a result of the change in the way cars are developed? -DT]. “
Hello! OEM design engineer working remotely here.
When covid hit I’d just started working on a new project, then got sent home.
I’d say working from home is much better when you’re focused on the design of something complex because you’ve no distractions to knock one of the critical things out of your head. I’ll be working on a bit of tricky geometry with the performance targets, mass, cost, ease of assembly, cycle time, serviceability and the design of the tool that makes the part all floating in my head. Having someone ask if I want a coffee at that point is how you end up blocking access to a fastener on someone else’s part two feet away and don’t spot it until they start building cars.
Working from home is shit for checking out prototype builds, inspecting new parts and checking hand access for servicing, which is why I’ve been on site for all of those. In a mask and distancing during peak covid, but it works.
The two biggest problems with designing a car from home are time management because you don’t notice everyone has gone home (I did over 30 days of overtime the first year) and overhearing conversations that you have critical information on. The second one is a double-edged sword: it can be hugely distracting while you’re trying to concentrate, but also leaning over and saying “that supplier only has 1xD bend tooling” can save someone else two weeks of wasted time.
Drawing checking is also a nightmare. No amount of marked up pdfs is as effective as using your red pen to point at the seven interconnected things of different drawing views on an actual paper copy in front of an actual person. I once told a guy that to save time he should print his next drawing on red paper. That feedback without a smile gets people angry rather than better.
In summary: I think my systems have been designed better from home. Although I’ve kept some wooden pallets in my garage to smash with hammers when my connection goes down. We’re building insect habitats with the splinters.
New Power sounds way cooler than Accelera.
Max Power would be even better!
Five years from now: “Accelera”. “Who? Is that a new brand of gum?””
New Power is a terrible name It sounds like one of those Chinese EV startups. Hangdong New Power Beautiful Motors
I think the Ford Maverick, was the ideal rollout, though slow. They came out with a Hybrid power train in a package that everyone wanted and it was reasonably priced. Car makers are trying to sell Luxury to justify the high prices, but going full EV on a small pickup might just be the winner, assuming that you can get the batteries for them.
“So that’s disappointing. On the other hand, I think GM’s eager to avoid the quality mishaps that are plaguing Ford right now, especially on the EV front.”
And there ya have it.
GM’s had just as many embarrassing – and far more importantly, ruinously expensive – EV screwups. Being forced to repeatedly recall and replace the entire battery unit in every single Bolt they ever made? That cost orders of magnitude more than they ever made in profit. And that’s just a single GM screwup. Every EV they’ve made to date has had some massively expensive recall that erased every penny of profit.
Mary Barra has proven to be an absolutely terrible CEO, in addition to completely devoid of ethics. Under her watch, GM has been nothing but a string of money hemorrhaging recalls and embarrassing fights with the NHTSA. “GM is committed to safety.” Yep. The safety of their bottom line and their CEO’s ridiculous compensation. (GM ignition switch recall, anyone? Still waiting on the investigation of GM engineers lying under oath and why GM deliberately lied and buried documentation. Mary Barra took home more than $30M last year. )
“Like any new technology, EVs are expensive to make right now. That will hopefully change as battery supplies increase and costs go down, but for many automakers making this transition, it’s more about scale and R&D than actual money.”
Except it won’t. Because for the umpteenth time: there is a finite amount of lithium in the world. And now everybody and their entire family is fighting over it. With a lot of it being in a hostile China. And the same people demanding cheap EVs are the same people insisting that we have to have grid-scale lithium batteries.
You know, because that isn’t more than doubling the competition and demand for highly refined lithium. When the mining and processing facilities take years to construct, sprawl over dozens of square miles, and pollute like little else. And per USGS – you know, actual scientists who did actual research – there’s an estimated 6.8Mt of lithium in the entire US. China only has an estimated 4.5Mt of reserves.
McKinsey (you’ll be forgiven if you’re unfamiliar, but they are the experts) estimates global demand at 3-4Mt/year by 2030. Annual production in 2021 was 0.54Mt of LCE. They estimate that even with DLE and DLP, worldwide production including expansions and new construction will be approximately 2.7Mt/yr. Recycling technology basically doesn’t exist – recovers 0-80%, mostly toward 0% that is reusable as new battery material. Starting to see the problem now?
https://www.mckinsey.com/industries/metals-and-mining/our-insights/lithium-mining-how-new-production-technologies-could-fuel-the-global-ev-revolution
“Ford cut a bunch of jobs in the UK last month and Nissan’s COO is also telling His Majesty’s Government to get off their asses and do something.”
Didn’t he see that Rishi is doing something? He’s blatantly violating international law – after being told by his own advisers and the UN rather publicly that he would be doing so – to promote more bigotry and hate! Which will be funded by (checks notes) cutting and outright eliminating taxes. Oh, and turning the BBC into Faux News Lite by installing government minders to make sure there’s no wrongspeak.
Hey. UK folks. You need a hand over there? We do have some experience in revolutions against governments based on your island. And, uh, yeah. Pretty clear you need a lot more than snap elections at this point.
“n the case of Cummins, you evolve or die. The company announced a big $1.5 billion investment into clean-energy technologies and a rebranding of the division to do it.”
Cummins, by the way, has already been evolving. Their small engines are still absolute crap (bite me, I dealt with 5.9’s on a daily basis. Self-destructing pins, regularly cracked heads, and frequent block inspection windows do not a good engine make.) But they get full credit for not being like the assholes at Cat who spent all their money trying to sabotage emissions requirements, then just said “fuck you we won’t make compliant engines then.”
Case in point, their ‘PowerDrive’ diesel hybrid (no, seriously) has been on the market since 2018 for up to Class 6 trucks. Big rigs are class 8; class 6 would be things like utility cherry pickers, tow trucks, and the like. They’ve officially supported running on biodiesel and HVO (waste oil) for over a decade.
So honestly I’m kind of puzzled by this move to a whole new brand. Among diesel manufacturers, Cummins has a lot of ‘eco’ cachet in their name. Minimizing ‘Cummins’ and putting ‘Accelera’ front and center doesn’t make sense to me. But maybe the focus groups felt differently thanks to all the Coal Rolling brodozers with giant copyright-infringing Cummins decals.
“What’s the right course of action for automakers looking to make a big EV push? Get ’em out, or get ’em right?”
Quick, reliable, cheap. Pick only two. That’s the reality. Ford chose ‘quick’ and ‘cheap’ and now F150 Lightning production has been dead over a month. Rivian chose ‘quick’ and ‘reliable’ for the R1T, and ‘reliable’ and ‘cheap’ for the commercial vans, and now they’re careening towards bankruptcy.
Get this shit wrong, and your multi-billion investment evaporates in a puff of smoke. See also GM Bolt recalls. Anything to do with Fisker. I’d say Workhorse/Lordstown but that was always a scam.
First sentence from the Mckinsey report you linked: “Despite expectations that lithium demand will rise from approximately 500,000 metric tons of lithium carbonate equivalent (LCE) in 2021 to some three million to four million metric tons in 2030, we believe that the lithium industry will be able to provide enough product to supply the burgeoning lithium-ion battery industry. “
Whenever I hear people saying things like “lithium mining and processing pollutes like little else” I want to ask them if they have ever seen what tar sands mining in Alberta looks like, or shale oil extraction in the US? How about the oil refineries in the US being responsible for 13% of US industrial emissions and 3% of all U.S. GHG emissions?
Here are some numbers about oil refinery constant discharges into waterways (a lot of which is legal, because why would we care?):
https://environmentalintegrity.org/news/report-exposes-vast-amount-of-unregulated-water-pollution-from-oil-refineries/#:~:text=Eighty%2Done%20refineries%20across%20the,of%20algae%2Dfeeding%20nitrogen%20(as
My Turn: The winners will be whoever does it right AND now. That might mean investing enough that you face uncomfortable shareholder meetings. Those who can pass the marshmallow test get more in the long run. Forgetting that third leg of the “choose two” trope because “no one tells wall street no” is how you achieve average in stable times and how you die in times of turmoil.
“VW’s ID.4s have been plagued with software issues, Toyota’s BZ4X has had some odd wheel-falling-off issues, ditto with Rivian, Chevy’s had the Bolt fire problems, Hyundai and Kia have had to issue a recall over potential rollaway issues associated with the electronic shifter, Ford’s F-150 Lightning production has stopped over battery concerns, and on and on.”
The dumb thing about that is the majority of those problems aren’t EV-specific. The battery issues are obviously EV growing pains, but the rest of that falls under the category of “making cars is hard”.
Yeah, and even some of the battery issues are simply manufacturing at scale issues. Turns out that manufacturing things that need tight tolerances quickly and with as few people as possible increases the likelihood of mistakes slipping through. Moreso if you rush development, too.
My advice is spend all of your resources on developing self driving technology instead of just developing and building a good car. Damn, staying at a Holiday Inn Express really works!