Why Some Cars Have A Bigger Turning Radius Than Others

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We’ve all been there. You’re leaving a party at a friend’s house located on a narrow dead end road. You get in your F-150 and your friend gets in her VW Golf. She turns the wheel and in one move turns around and heads home. You, on the other hand, do your best Austin Powers impression trying to get your F-150 facing the other way so you can get home yourself. What makes these two vehicles so different, and why was your friend able to get out of there so much easier? Of course, the answer is in the difference in turning radii between these vehicles. Let’s talk about what goes into that.

[Welcome to Huibert Mees’s column, where the former Ford GT/Tesla Model S suspension engineer gets to write whatever he wants on The Autopian. -DT]

Turning radius is the radius of the smallest circle a vehicle can make with the steering at full lock. It is a function of the wheelbase, the front tire width, and the angle the front wheels can be steered, but there are a number of factors that play into how automakers choose these dimensions. Before we get into that, here’s a visual:

There are actually two turn radii that are normally calculated: curb-to-curb and wall-to-wall. The wall-to-wall value will always be larger than the curb-to-curb value and depends on the shape and overhang of the front bumper; it basically represents the smallest circle you can turn without potentially hitting something with your bumper.

The most useful of the two radii is curb-to-curb since that is what most people will encounter in normal driving (as most front bumpers can just fly over curbs — this isn’t the case for something like a Lamborghini, of course), so that’s what we’ll focus on here. Our friend, Mr. Powers above, was clearly more interested in the wall-to-wall turn radius of his vehicle, though.

To calculate the turn radius we need to go back to our High School trigonometry class. Here is the formula:

Rturn = (Wheelbase / SIN(turn angle)) + ½ Tire Width

[Editor’s Note: Dammit Huibert, are you really not going to do the derivation on this? FINE, I’ll do it. (Things are about to get a tiny bit nerdy, so feel free to skip this note if you’re not feeling it).

So, here’s why the equation above makes sense. I’ll break it down in equation form in the image below (see red), but I’ll explain it all below the image.

  1. When you turn your tire, the tire is going to want to move in an arc. We can calculate the radius of this arc by creating an imaginary triangle. We’re doing this because the turning radius of a car is this radius plus half the tread width (have a look at the image above and you’ll see that the darker blue arc labeled “curb to curb turn radius” points to the arc created at the outside of the tire). So we’re going to calculate the arc created at the center of the tire during the turn, and just add half that tread width.
  2. We know that the sin of an angle is defined as the opposite divided by the hypotenuse (remember SOHCAHTOA?). So the sin of angle x shown in the image is equal to the wheelbase, b, over c, which is the turning radius minus that tire width (see equation 1).
  3. We want to know what c is in order to calculate the turning radius, so we rearrange equation 2 and we learn that c is equal to b (the wheelbase) divided by the sin of x.
  4. Again, b is the wheelbase.
  5. So what the heck is angle x? Let’s figure it out. First, we know that the sum of all angles in a triangle is 180 degrees, and we know that angle Y is 90 degrees. So to find angle X, we just need angle Z. What is angle Z? Well, we know that the radius of an arc is perpendicular to the tangent of that arc, so that little red angle next to angle Z, plus angle Z, has to equal 90 degrees. But what’s that little red angle? Well, it’s the turn angle, because we know that opposite angles are congruent. So angle Z is 90 minus the turn angle.
  6. Angle X, which we need to solver for to get c (which is what we add to half the tread width to get the turning radius), is 180 minus 90 (that’s angle Y) minus (90 minus the turn angle, which is angle Z).
  7. Solving 6, angle X is then equal to the turn angle
  8. So to find out what the turning radius is, you solve for c using the equation in 3 and add half the tire width. That ends up being the equation Huibert wrote:

Rturn = (Wheelbase / SIN(turn angle)) + ½ Tire Width

I asked Huibert how scrub radius factors in, since those front wheels don’t technically pivot exactly on an axis at the centerline of the tire. “Scrub radius would have a very small effect because it would change the wheelbase by the SIN of the angle. I think we can ignore it here,” he told me. “For a scrub radius of 15 mm, which is not out of the ordinary, the wheelbase would change by 0.04% with a 40 deg turn angle. I think it is reasonable to ignore this effect.”

Huibert added a simplified version of my derivation above, leaving out the geometry bits proving that the turn angle is the same as the bottom left angle in that triangle, so if you want a simplified explanation of how he got his equation, here it is:

Our turning radius calculation also ignores deformation/slip in the tires during the turn, but it should be fine as an estimation. I’m adding these notes because you dynamics engineers in the comments are relentless.

-DT]

From this equation we can see that if the wheelbase gets bigger then the turn radius will get bigger. If the turn angle gets bigger then the turn radius will get smaller and if the tire width gets bigger then the turn radius also gets bigger. We can look at this graphically as well. Here is what happens if we just increase the wheelbase:

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Now compare that top diagram to this one to see the effect of a turn angle increase:

 

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Let’s put some numbers in so we can really see what’s going on here. Let’s assume that our turn angle is 30 degrees, our wheelbase is 110 inches, and we have 235mm wide tires. Putting those numbers into our formula (remembering to convert our tire width from mm to inches) we see that the turn radius becomes:

Rturn = (110 / SIN(30)) + ½ x (235/25.4)

Rturn = 224.6” = 18.7 ft.

 

If we are able to increase our turn angle to 40 degrees, then we get:

Rturn = (110 / SIN(40)) + ½ x (235/25.4) = 14.6 ft

 

Here is what happens if we instead reduce the wheelbase to 90”:

Rturn = (90 / SIN(30)) + ½ x (235/25.4) = 15.4 ft

 

If we can reduce the wheelbase as well as increase the turn angle then we get:

Rturn = (90 / SIN(40)) + ½ x (235/25.4) = 12 ft. That’s a big improvement over our initial 18.7-foot figure. 

Looking at these numbers, we can now see why our friend’s Golf could make the turn while our F-150 couldn’t. It has a much smaller wheelbase and maybe can turn its wheels to a higher angle because its tires are smaller. I’m ignoring tire width here because while it is a factor, it is a minor player in this issue. The difference between the width of a Golf tire and a F-150 tire is too small to really worry about here.

[Editor’s Note: Since so many of our readers are engineers, I want to make sure we address Ackermann, which describes the concept of the two front tires not sharing the same steering angle. This is a part of steering design because, in order to avoid forcing the tires to slip sideways to negotiate a turn, the two tires need to share a common center of rotation. 

I asked Huibert about this. Here’s his response:

Ackermann plays into it a little because the real steering angle will be some average of the inside and outside wheel angles, but then with weight transfer it would tend to favor the outside wheel but then there’s the tire slip angle, blah blah blah. It’s easier and really not that inaccurate just to use the outside wheel angle. At the end of the day, you have to measure it to really get an accurate number which includes all of these factors.

So, enginerds out there ready to send us a long email with numerous references to Thomas D. Gillespie, just understand, as I said before: We’re presenting a simplified version of what goes into turning radius. -DT]

Why Don’t All Cars Have Tight Turning Radii?

So why doesn’t every vehicle have a small turn radius? It would certainly make maneuverability much better. Unfortunately, as with everything related to car design, it’s a trade-off and it depends on many other priorities.

Reducing the wheelbase of a vehicle gets into one of the fundamental dimensions that determines what a vehicle is and can do. Could a pickup truck with the wheelbase of a Golf do the same things it can now? Could it carry a 4×8 sheet of plywood? Could it tow a 12,000 lb trailer? Could it have a 4-door cab AND a 6.5-foot bed? Probably not. It just wouldn’t be practical to have a full size pickup with the wheelbase of a Golf. [Editor’s Note: There are also emissions “Footprint” implications associated with wheelbase. I.e. vehicles with larger footprints have more relaxed standards; click that link to learn more. -DT]. 

But what about turn angle? Why can’t all vehicles have a high turn angle and a small turn radius? The answer has to do primarily with packaging. A large tire at full turn takes up a lot of space inside the vehicle. This is space that can’t be used for other things, like engines, batteries, headlights, exhaust pipes, etc. Those things would have to go somewhere else or get squeezed into smaller and smaller spaces if we had to turn our wheels more. The other part of the vehicle that has to fit into that space is the crash structure. With ever more stringent crash requirements, this structure becomes more and more important and in many cases larger. This really puts the squeeze on the space available for a tire at full turn.

Here you can see how the engine and the crash structure limits how far you can turn the wheels. If you wanted to get a smaller turn radius by getting more turn angle out of the front wheels, the only way to achieve that is to make the track width – and the rest of the car – wider or by making the tires significantly smaller. Neither of these choices may be possible or desirable for the type of vehicle you are designing so the whole thing becomes a trade-off between competing needs.

Another factor that limits turn angle is the outer CV joint in a front wheel drive or 4 wheel drive vehicle. Most modern axle-CV joints can be angled up to about 50 degrees. Anything more than that and the balls that are inside the joint are in danger of falling out or getting damaged. Now, while 50 degrees is a lot more than the 30 degrees we are using in our example, don’t forget that this angle also has to account for suspension travel. When the wheel is in full rebound, the angle of the CV joint is a combination of the steering angle as well as the suspension angle.

Here you can see how the CV joints are already at a sharp angle just from the suspension being in full rebound. Add steering angle to this and you can see how the outer CV joint could easily get to 50 degrees. The same thing can happen at full bump.

There are ways to mitigate this issue so that you can have a decent turn radius without causing problems at the limits of suspension travel. This is done by adding steering stops that limit the amount of steering angle you can get at full rebound or full bump.

This is an example from a Toyota that clearly shows the steering stop and the bracelet on the control arm it hits at full lock. Notice the curvature of the control arm bracket. Even though the stop block and steering stop move together, at different suspension travels the stop block will hit the control arm on a different part of this curvature, which will limit the turn angle differently (This happens because the angle of the control arm relative to the knuckle changes. That means the knuckle hits the control arm in a different spot, and by controlling the shape of that spot you can control at what turn angle the knuckle hits the control arm).

There is a potential problem with this system though. If you are at full lock pulling into a driveway, for instance, and the suspension gets pushed into bump or drops into a pothole, it can yank the steering wheel out of your hands. Still, this trade-off has been deemed by many OEM’s to be acceptable since it improves turn radius under the normal conditions most customers will encounter and Toyota is certainly not alone in using this method.

[Editor’s Note: As Huibert says, tires take up a lot of space when you factor in the full range of motion both in the up-down direction (suspension travel) and rotated about that up-down axis (steering). In fact, when I was an intern in the packaging team at Fiat Chrysler, a friend of mine, Dominic, spent a lot of his time making tire envelopes using Computer Aided Design software. These big blobs basically represented a boundary that other packaging engineers had to be careful not to cross. Here’s a look at a tire envelope, courtesy of engineering firm PTC:

Tire (1)

With this concept explained, let’s talk about a vehicle notorious for its humongous turning radius: The Ford Focus RS and ST, whose turning circles are a whopping 39 feet. These vehicles are a bit of a nightmare when it comes to turning radius, even though it may not seem that way since they’re just small hatchbacks.

First, these are transverse-engine front-wheel drive car; this alone isn’t a huge issue. But if you combine that with the fact that the Focus RS and ST are built on the same platform as a standard economy car (the base Focus) and that their sporting intentions require great stopping power and cornering grip, you’ll see the problem. Lots of stopping power means big brakes which means large-diameter wheels; a desire for grip means wide wheels and tires.

Throwing a huge wheel/tire package into a vehicle designed to have small tires (things like the strut tower location play a role in limiting where the wheel can end up relative to the body) can make things pretty tricky. But what can also make things a bit tricky is a steering geometry geared towards directness. Here, I’ll have Huibert talk about it:

I think one of the commenters [on the Focus-focused internet forum] hit the nail on the head which is that the wider 235 tires keep the suspension from being able to turn as far without the tire hitting the body rail.

It may also be that Ford ran into an issue called “toggle angle” when they shortened the steering arm. Toggle is what happens when you turn the wheel too far and the suspension then doesn’t know if it should turn back the way it came or keep rotating even further… Basically the tie rod and the steering arm of the knuckle get closer and loser to forming a straight line. Once that happens,  and you try to steer back the other way, the tie rod and steering arm don’t know which way to go and could go either way. There is also the problem that as the tie rod and the steering arm approach a straight line, it takes more and more force from the steering system to rotate the knuckle back to straight ahead. This increasing force also leads to increasing friction in the ball joints and at some point the friction will be so high that the whole system will just lock in place and the steering just won’t move anymore.

Per Edmunds’ Ford Focus ST suspension walkaround, it seems like Ford wanted to improve steering directness by making the steering arm on the knuckle shorter; this way, a given steering wheel input will yield a larger angular displacement of the tires. (i.e. you won’t have to turn the wheel as much to steering the same amount; you can imagine this by thinking about a door. If you push the very outer edge of a door three inches, the door has barely opened. If you push the door closer to the door’s hinge, to make that part of the door move three inches requires opening the door quite a bit — so moving where the tie rod mates with the knuckle inboard means more steering per displacement of the steering rack). The issue is a smaller steering arm can cause a “toggle” condition to occur sooner in the steering travel. 

You can think of the “toggle” concept as a point where you’ve “overturned,” and where trying to turn back the other direction binds up the steering system, since the tie rod no longer has a long lever arm to turn the knuckle about its axis. It’s almost like trying to open a door by pushing its edge (you know, that surface that the deadbolt juts out of) inboard towards the hinges; nothing would happen — you’d basically be trying to just compress the door.

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Screenshot adapted from AC Delco/YouTube

Anyway, whether the toggle angle was the major factor behind the Focus ST/RS’s poor turning radius, I’m really not sure. But I do just want to keep reiterating Huibert’s point about packaging constraints.

The Scion TC in my driveway shows how tight things can get in front wheel-drive wheel housings:

I chatted with another dynamics engineer who worked at Stellantis. He said that, generally, 40-feet is the target above which drivers of regular-sized cars really become displeased by their steering radius. He talked about how this was a challenge on the front-wheel drive Chrysler PT Cruiser, as there was just not much packaging space.  (Nowadays, he told me, rear-wheel drive cars are just as challenging thanks to the enormous tires carmakers are putting on everything).

Image: IIHS

Like Huibert, my friend mentioned newer crash standards as significant factors in turning radii. Specifically he talked about the Insurance Institute for Highway Safety’s small overlap crash test, which literally requires cars to have major structural components no farther inboard than 25 percent of the car’s width. This just adds additional packaging complexity to that wheel housing, and if I had to guess, it has had at least some effect on steering angles on certain vehicles in the industry. 

-DT]

So now that we understand why some vehicles have a small turn radius while others are much larger, we can decide if the trade-offs that lead to the large turn radius in our F150 example were worth it. A Golf may be more than sufficient to take us to the party, but if you need to carry large loads or tow a big trailer on other days, then a pickup or some other large vehicle may be the right one for you and you just have to live with the large turn radius. For those lucky enough to be able to own both a small car and a big car, this question is moot but for those who cannot, we get to pretend to be Austin Powers every time we make a U-turn.

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75 thoughts on “Why Some Cars Have A Bigger Turning Radius Than Others

  1. It always drove me nuts that the late 70’s-80’s full size GM V8 RWD cars would experience terrible front tire scrub outside the center 70% of steering travel. It’s like the engineers that designed the chassis and suspension just slapped a big ol’ “GOOD ENOUGH” label on their design.

  2. This is very insightful.
    I know for myself, going from an E150 to a Prius v was a breath of fresh air. A lot fewer 3-point turns these days — from 46.7 to 38.1, curb to curb.

  3. “These vehicles [Focus] are a bit of a nightmare when it comes to turning radius [39 feet], even though it may not seem that way since they’re just small hatchbacks.”

    Meh. I have a small hatchback with a 40.5 foot turning circle, but I imagine that’s due to the 295 mm front tire width.

    Great article by the way.

  4. I must admit that I skipped some of the math, but just love the practicality of a small turnnig circle!
    My Porsche 356’s is much smaller than on my Nissan Figaro’s, even though the cars are of similar size, weigh and performance (well of course there’s really nothing but some boxed in air and some wheels in the front of a 356, much like the rear of a Figaro)
    The “best” I’ve ever had was on my 1963 Spitfire4.

    Around here we have many middle eastern taxi drivers, and almost all taxis are Mercedes Benz sedans, which (used to) have a very small turning radius, so they can do a middle of the street u-turn to pick up costumers. It’s fun to see those guys trying to do the same thing in their spare time, in their private 1999 Toyota Avensisses.. (Avensi?)

    1. I’ve noted the same with my 996 versus my C4, where the former has so tight a turning circle that it seems like you could do a figure 8 in the space it takes to turn the latter around.

  5. The Suzuki Verona had a transverse inline SIX and still managed a tight turning radius. It’s all in the packaging.

    “Raise the self-supporting hood, and you’ll be pleased to find that the hoary old four has been euthanized in favor of a brand-new inline six, co-developed with Porsche. The engine sits sideways, Volvo S80-style, and drives the front wheels through a four-speed automatic. To squeeze six pots into an opening where four usually line up, the engine derives its 2.5 liters of displacement from closely spaced, narrow 77.0mm bores pumping a long 89.2mm stroke, much like the Volvo 2.9-liter six does. But whereas Volvo tucks its Hydra-Matic transmission in back of the engine, the Verona’s ZF-designed box sits in line with the motor. We expected the big, wide powertrain to limit how far the front wheels could turn, resulting in a nautical turning radius. But at 34.8 feet, the Verona needs 2.1 fewer feet of road than any Accord does to hang a U-turn, despite having an engine that’s four inches wider stuffed into a slightly smaller track between bigger standard tires. That’s clever packaging.”

    https://www.caranddriver.com/reviews/a15133434/suzuki-verona-ex-road-test/

  6. Turning radius is a huge selling point for me. I’d really like a new Toyota iQ brought back as a hybrid with AWD-e using the same size tires on all 4 wheels and said tires being a size of tires you can get snow tires for in the US with a tiny little tow hitch to tow sub 2000lb trailers.

    Where I live for ~Half the winter snow tires with AWD or 4WD are legally required to drive on many of the roads I regularly use unless I want to put on chains and chains are horrid. Because of this my car choices are limited to AWD or 4WD cars that I can get snow tires for. Well all the old fuel efficient FWD based 4WD cars ride on a tire size that you can’t get street legal snow tires for in the US and by lifting them so you can fit street legal snow tires you get rid of the MPG and the tight turning circle. The old AWD cars all get poor MPG.

    So I’m basically limited to new cars and cars that don’t exist yet. Most likely I’m going with the new AWD-e Corolla Hybrid around 2024 (to give Toyota a year to solve the gremlins before I buy one), then I’m going to put some steelies on it and put as many miles as I can on it until a better car comes out.

    I sincerely doubt gas will get cheaper in the future.

  7. I am going to sound… like a total and complete Maroon. At the risk of being and sounding.. like a total Maroon… I am going to say this…

    I have messed around with diecast cars of all kinds and sizes. 1/32s, 1/18s, 1/8s, 1/24s and there is some damn goofy shit going on in diecast cars….
    First, finding an early enough one where the front wheels go up and down on suspension, rotate and turn left to right.. is a big deal. — I do have a 1/24 Triple Black ’90 Chevy Silverado SS, that has turning and rotating front wheels. But upon further research… someone put in a molded bumpstop on the steering arm.. to stop it from going past. But using that bumpstop meant it only turns 5-10deg. If I sanded it down (and I did) I gained another 20-30% in radius.

    Im aware that this is totally stupid… but the thought entered my mind.

    WHAT IF.. they just designed the steering angle based on the steering arm and or units available. What if every car on X platform used Y steering components. Regardless of the type of vehicle it was. Theyd limit it to its “capabilities” as requested by the steering components. As in, why bother with using a stick shift.. if the auto does it faster? (When the point isnt doing it faster… its having the car do as you want, not the other way around.)

  8. The math shown was a class exercise I had in applied math in my CEGEP mechanical design class!

    The 40ft turning radius David mentioned as the “feel good limit” is crazy accurate. My 2012 Acadia has a nice tight turning radius (for its size). Looked it up: 40.4′.

  9. Thank you. The difference in turning radius when I went from driving a 97’ base Ranger to a 98’ extended cab “Off Road” was ridiculous. I understood why a little bit, but now I understand it completely.

    After selling the 98 (slave cylinder leaking at 300k miles (you all know)) a turning radius check became part of all potential vehicle test drives.

    Turn angle and turning radius can factor in a lot when off roading depending on the terrain.

  10. David, I love ya, but all these editor’s notes gotta GTF into an appendix or something. They’re so long and tangential that they completely destroy the flow of the article. The content itself is great, but its placement decidedly isn’t.

    Grantland (RIP) had a great system where they’d insert these kinds of notes, asides, and entire tangent stories as a hyperlinked, superscripted number at the end of whatever main article section they were referring to. So you could click the superscripted number and be taken to the editorial aside, or keep reading to maintain the flow of the article and either ignore them entirely or come back and read them after finishing the main article.

      1. Yeah it’s fun.
        The sounds of engineers jammin’ some music for the common man.
        It’s different, but I find it not to taxing to follow along.

      2. Hey now, I am fun! But I also like organization and semi-readable articles. The nerdy asides are great…when they’re formatted as asides, rather than INTERRUPTING COW MOOing their way into the main article body.

    1. There is a lot of room on the margins of this site on a desktop (probably not on mobile, haven’t checked.) It would be cool if, like you find in old textbooks, there were notes and asides in the margins. Would really help lean into the whole enginerd thing that is building here.

      I should mock it up and send that in to their tip email

      1. OR they could just get rid of the dumb maximum width tag in the CSS and the site becomes much more readable and has less blinding empty bright white space.

        1. Eh, that creates its own issues. Paragraphs become lines on big enough screens, article doesn’t feel lengthy. Urge to write more and more to fill the void, then you get bad content.

  11. One challenge of a reduced turning radius in a pickup is the ability to reverse a trailer. The reduced radius means you can’t swing the back of the truck as quickly. My 18’ utility trailer is 21’ long including tongue. My Ram Rebel is 20’ long. It takes a lot of steering to change trailer direction.

  12. Top-notch editorial asiding, loved the diagrams and recursion, keep going like that and you’ll really have something. This site has a clear potential for greatness, and you can trace a line from that future greatness directly back to these early innovations in the EA genre. This is just the tip of the surface though, it’s a rich vein of editorial gold and you’ve barely scratched the iceberg.

    My Outback has a hilariously terrible turning circle of 37′, which is a source of regular annoyance. (A lot of potential U-turn situations are right out, for instance.) My understanding is that this is a side effect of Subaru’s signature boxer engines, which are very wiiiide boys compared to your usual I4 and V6 units.

    By the way, I did a compression test just now because it had been overheating recently and after replacing the water pump, thermostat, and timing belt (I was in there anyway) and flushing the coolant system, I was still worried about a blown head gasket. 180s across the board (phew) but my point is that because of that boxer layout, I had to remove the washer bottle and part of the intake to get at the dang plugs. Having the plugs (and valve cover, and cylinder head, etc.) on the top of the engine is an under-recognized advantage in terms of serviceability.

    1. ” My understanding is that this is a side effect of Subaru’s signature boxer engines, ”
      That is some excuse they use, brz has also a boxer engine, also between front wheels … and yet turning radius is half…
      I think it has to do more with a steering speed and the size of the car, see with a slower steering rack you can only cover so much angle at 2.5-3 steering wheel rotations end to end.
      I don’t think you want a mini cooper snap fast steering response on a full size sedan, doing a mere 60 it would scare the crap out of you.(unless you are doing drifting on your free weekends)
      Now about your complaint regarding reaching the engine:) wait until you buy a Porsche, because on that most likely engine has to come out.
      Like so: http://www.awmotorgroup.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2013/07/IMG_0342.jpg

      1. Being the owner of both an r53 mini cooper s and a 1974 buick I can confirm that the mini’s steering would likely make the buick undriveable. But it might be fun once.

    2. In contrast, I have a 2015 Forester and the turning radius is crazy small (17.4′ according to the internet), so it can’t all be down to the boxer engine. Its a sufficiently tight turning radius that I have to pay attention to when I accelerate out of a tight turn. There is one intersection in particular where the left turn is more than 90 degrees and onto a busy road. If I pull out and punch it without straightening out a bit I can feel the front tires resist. They are too far from center to pull back without steering input, instead it feels like the tires are being pushed sideways down the road. Can’t be good for the front end components I imagine.

      1. Turning radius and turning circle aren’t the same thing. A turning radius of 17.4′ is a turning circle of 34.8′, which is still good. Although I don’t think 37′ for the Outback is bad, either.

  13. Heavy right foot on that F150 will tighten up the radius a lot.

    Of course the Golf would be using the handbrake to the same effect

    1. I hear that really leaning into the steering wheel at full lock is the way to do it. Then you can decide what’s louder, the external shrieking of the power steering pump or the internal shrieking of your mechanical engineer passenger (me).

      1. Don’t forget the shrieking of your tires as they burn through the wheel well liners, because why do I need an alignment, the car drives perfectly straight as long as I hold the steering wheel a little to the right.

  14. Turning radius ended up being one of the deciding factors when my wife bought her last car. It didn’t start high on the list, but when we had it really narrowed down to a few very similar options, being able to make a clean u-turn where others required a 3-point is a very nice convinience.

    For something more interesting, take a look at the front suspension setups formula drift cars use to achieve maximum possible wheel angles. They do some pretty wild things to the size and shape of the control arms.

    1. Is your wife navigationally challenged? Who makes enough U-turns to make that feature a priority when shopping for a vehicle (besides your wife obviously)? Is she following Google maps all the time telling her to “make a U-turn when safely something something” and then a right turn, rather than making a simple left turn, or 3 right turns?

      1. Id like to step in and say….
        I have something called Manuevers, The rule of 1-2-3 Fuck Lost. I also do a ton of dumb shit mostly because I can and Im relatively quick enough.

        Also…
        Im from the Phila area, when they were redoing the Gulph Mills interchange with CSX… they had traffic detoured all the fuck around. For about 3mo… 4 consistant times, I took the wrong fucking exit, then another wrong fucking exit.. at night, with no moneys.. to wind up on a Dump Truck / Construction Access Road / turn off. — When I finally fucked up for the 5th time.. I figured out I coulda died easily 4+ times. The ditch in the center.. was like the Miriana Trench. Steep and didnt end.

        U-ies aree your friend. I can do a U-ie like no ones business. I also dont use a device as I drive and all maps are in my head. I rarely get lost.. or spun around but when I do… thats the first thing I do.

      2. While it’s perfectly normal to ignore the concerns of cityfolk, keep in mind that even in a small town it’s a great convenience to be able to u-ey out of a street parking spot.

        Anyhow, a little bit weird to go hard at a man’s wife like that, IMO.

      3. You kinda sound like a clown with this comment. Maybe lighten up?

        It would also help if you read the comment and realized that after narrowing it down, that was the deciding factor.

      4. When my wife picks me up from work, she can do a u-turn at the intersection to go back, or she can turn left and go all the way around the hospital, including any bus stops and traffic leaving parking structures. It all depends on where you are driving.

        I rarely did u-turns in the suburbs.

  15. For that SAAB 96 at the top of the article, the curb-to-curb turning radius is about 5.3 m (approx. 17′ 5″) and the wall-to-wall figure is about 5.5 m (approx 18′ 1″). In practice this is generally fine.

  16. A have a vague recollection of the Morris Minor 1000 having a very tight turning circle with extreme steering geometry and rear wheel drive. Loop around without resorting to the hand brake. An early unit body tank devoid of crush zones. Life was slow and simple.

  17. I had a Volvo V70R which had an atrocious turning circle: basically I would not attempt a U-turn on a street with less than 6 total lanes…
    It is a rather long car (with a long wheel base), but is fairly narrow but has a transverse mounted engine. The base V70 is quite bad, but then add the 5 cylinder engine and the wide tires of the R version and you get a turning circle comparable to that of a full size pickup with a long bed.
    Still a great car though!

    1. And just a short distance in the past was the 1997 Volvo 960 wagon. Fairly lengthy (115 inch wheelbase, about 4 inches longer than the V70 that followed it), but rear-wheel drive, and with an astonishingly tight turn radius of only 15.9′! We got my mother-in-law’s old purple one, and it was downright freaky how tight it could turn, especially for a seven-passenger station wagon!

    2. Yeah, it’s a Volvo thing. My ’03 S60 T5 took a “wide stance” to do a u-turn. Probably a smidge better than your longer wheelbase V70, but not much. IIRC, it was something in the range 0f 39-40 feet. Which is almost identical to my former Jaguar XJ8!!!

    3. Agreed, totally a Volvo thing. Over the years I’ve had a 740 sedan, an 850 wagon, a XC 60 and an XC 90. They all share two features, atrocious turning radius and a second row seat that no adult could ever comfortably fit in regardless of the gigantic size of the vehicle.

      I will never understand how a vehicle as large as the XC90 can barely fit a 12-year-old in the second row without them looking for more legroom

  18. At least the Focus ST has the excuse of being a performance version in an economy body to blame for the poor turning capability.

    One that has no excuse is the Saturn S-series cars with 37 ft curb to curb and 40ft wall to wall.

  19. “I’m adding these notes because you dynamics engineers in the comments are relentless.-DT”

    I’m not a engineer of any kind, but I’m glad that those who are significantly geekier than I are relentless. We all keep commenting because it’s how we show our love. We poke you guys with pointy sticks to keep you all at your best, because when you’re at your best…

    you simply are the best.

    1. Awww. You guys are the best (heart emoji).

      We are the fickle fans and you guys are the entertainment celebrities. We both need each other to survive and thrive in this dog-eat-dog world of journalism.

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